Effects of drought stress on growth and development. Water shortage in the aridsemiarid regions of china seriously hampers ecosystem construction. This is also referred to as drought avoidance levitt, 1972. Factors were drought stress, as main factor with 3 levels normal irrigation and retain irrigation at plant height of 2030 cm. Effects of drought stress and defoliation on soybean physiology and yield thomas h.
What changes can be made to reduce effects of drought in the landscape. In young peach trees for example, drought stress has been reported to decrease chlorophyll 53,54. Scarcity of water is a severe environmental constraint to plant productivity. The combined effect of both heat and drought on yield of many crops is stronger than the effects of each stress alone. Drought stress is one of the premier limitations to global agricultural production due to the complexity of the waterlimiting environment and changing climate. Water status was assessed under field conditions by measurements of relative turgidity rt at noon. The ability of the plant to endure periods of drought whilst maintaining a high plant water stress. Growth, morphological, and physiological responses to. Transcription factors and plants response to drought. The main consequences of drought in crop plants are reduced rate of cell division and expansion, leaf size, stem elongation and root proliferation, and disturbed stomatal oscillations, plant water and nutrient relations with diminished crop productivity, and water use. Effects of drought and recovery from drought stress on above. Effects of drought stress, planting density and geometry on. Mechanisms of resistance to drought and the methods to increase the resistance 1.
Effects of drought and recovery from drought stress on. Klubertanz iowa state university follow this and additional works at. Drought stress and its effect in plants biotech articles. The commercial medicinal values of an aromatic plant rely on the presence of secondary metabolites that are affected under water shortage. Sohrabi 1 1 department of agronomy and plant breeding, faculty of agriculture, university of kurdistan, sanandaj, p. High temperature has become a global concern, which seriously affects the growth and production of plants, particularly crops. Effect of drought and heat stresses on plant growth and. Beneficial effects of silicon on salt and drought tolerance. Drought is a major environmental stress factor that affects the growth and development of plants.
Agricultural drought is the lack of ample moisture required for normal plant growth and development to complete the life cycle. Most of the physiological traits associated with drought tolerance are quantitative in nature. Effects of drought stress on morphological characteristics. Physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress.
Therefore, these plants can be grown in drought facing aridzone areas. Transcription factors and plants response to drought stress. Cold stress, although seasonal, has some similarities to a drought, since as water freezes it creates concentrated solutions of solutes. Various management strategies have been proposed to cope with drought stress. These plants resist the water stress situations due to the following adaptive features mechanisms. The principal aim of present study was to survey the effects of drought stress induced on germination and early seedling stage of two cultivars of b. Increasing vulnerability of plants to a variety of stresses such as drought, salt and extreme temperatures poses a global threat to sustained growth and productivity of major crops. The conditions used in our study, therefore, were not lethal to plants.
Drought stress effects on medicinal and aromatic plants. Studies have shown that silicon application may increase tolerance to salinity and drought in plants liang et al. But, the nonarid zone plants suffer heavy loss in growth and yield because they do not have above said mechanisms to tolerate the stress. Effects of drought stress and water recovery on physiological responses and gene expression in maize seedlings xiangbo zhang, lei lei, jinsheng lai, haiming zhao and weibin song abstract background. Effects of climate change and droughtstress on plant. Effects of salt and drought stresses on germination and.
Therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms by which vegetation in that area responds to drought stress may enable us to improve utilization of limited water resources and thus contend with the problem of drought and water shortage. Effects of drought stress, planting density and geometry. Among the degs, the photosynthesis and hormonerelated genes were enriched in responses to drought stress and rewatering. Also, a plant that was wellwatered prior to drought will usually survive drought better than a continuously droughtstressed plant. Economic yield reduction by drought stress in some representative field crops. Water is an increasingly scarce resource given current and future human population and societal needs, putting an emphasis on sustainable water use rosegrant and cline, 2003. Drought stress drought is a major environmental stress factor that affects the growth and development of plants. In the presented study, shoot fw of pegtreated plants showed an averaged significant reduction.
According to the structural features of their oligomeric domains, plant hsf proteins comprise three conserved. An experiment was designed to study the effect of gypsum and drought stress on growth, water status and yield with maize zea mays l. Effect of drought stress on yield, proline and chlorophyll. In current study, we investigated the adverse effects of drought stress on growth, yield and endogenous phytohormones of soybean. Faculty of water sciences, ahwaz, iran abstract chegah, s.
An important research strategy that has been widely used to deal with such complexity is to use molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci qtls in appropriate mapping populations. The sheer diversity of plant species grown across climatic regions that include extreme dry conditions suggests that, in nature, plants have evolved to endure drought stress. Plant sensitivity to drought is a complex phenomenon and depends on. Growth, morphological, and physiological responses to drought. Drought stress reduces leaf size, stem extension and root proliferation, disturbs plant water relations and reduces wateruse efficiency. Impact of drought stress on growth and quality of miscanthus for. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. Due to indeterminate growth habit, production of new nodes in a cotton plant depends on water availability. Reduction of plant growth is the most typical symptom of drought stress sairam and srivastava, 2001. Drought stress is a major abiotic constraint limiting crop production world wide. Effects of abiotic stress on plants the university of liverpool. No stress was defined as rt greater than 90% drought stress as rt less than 90%. Effects of drought stress and defoliation on soybean. Thus, there is an urgent need for breeding high yielding cultivars.
Effects of drought and recovery from drought stress on above ground and root growth, and water use efficiency in sugarcane saccharum officinarum l. Jun 30, 2016 under drought stress, cks are known to delay premature leaf senescence and death, adaptive traits very useful for increasing grain yield. The effects of sodium nitroprusside treatment on induced drought stress were investigated gomaa, 2010. Nisachon jangpromma 1, sompong thammasirirak 1,prasit jaisil 2 and patcharin songsri 2, 1protein and proteomics research group, department of biochemistry, faculty of science, khon kaen. We studied bothriochloa ischaemum, a native grass species, conducted. Drought stress reduces leaf size, stem extension and root proliferation, disturbs plant water relations plant water relations subject category. Drought stress is the most prevalent environmental factor limiting crop productivity 1, and global climate change is increasing the frequency of severe drought conditions 2. In view of this, developing staple food cultivars with improved drought tolerance emerges as the most sustainable. However, the functions of these proteins are poorly understood. Plant adaptation to drought stress pubmed central pmc. Drought is one of the major factors limiting global maize production. Effect of drought stress and its mechanism in plants. Drought or soil water deficit can be chronic in climatic regions with low water availability or random and unpredictable due to changes in weather conditions during the period of plant growth. Jul 14, 2016 increasing vulnerability of plants to a variety of stresses such as drought, salt and extreme temperatures poses a global threat to sustained growth and productivity of major crops.
General mechanisms of drought response and their application. Problems can be combined, so that drought can be accompanied by a buildup of salinity in soils from irrigation water. Both nacl and peg inhibited germination and seedling growth in all cultivars, but the effects of nacl compared to peg were less on germination and seedling growth. This crop is a major source of edible oils in many parts of the world. Drought stress account fro more production losses than all other factors combined. This study was conducted to determine the effects of drought stress, planting density and geometry on rice using a splitsplit plots design based on randomized complete block with 4 replications in 2010 to 2011. Research progress and perspective on drought stress in legumes. Biomass composition was drastically altered due to drought stress, with large reductions in cell wall and. Plants display a variety of physiological and biochemical. Effect of drought and heat stresses on plant growth and yield. Effect of drought stress on yield, proline and chlorophyll contents in three chickpea cultivars a. The landscape environment can be modified to reduce or prevent drought stress by irrigation, mulching, and providing shade. Droughtinduced loss in crop yield probably exceeds losses from all.
Effects, mechanisms and management article pdf available in agronomy for sustainable development 291 march 2009 with 19,866 reads how we measure reads. Albaji2 1 shahid chamran university, department of horticultural science, ahwaz, iran 2 shahid chamran university, department of irrigation and drainage. Although drought stress is known to affect all the steps of nodule formation and functioning, most of the work on the mechanisms of drought effects on n2 fixation has focused on nitrogenase activity. An increase in the endogenous levels of ck through expression of isopentenyltransferase ipt, a ck biosynthetic pathway gene, leads to stress adaptation by delaying drought induced senescence and an increase in yield 41, 42. Increase in water absorption and transportation, declination of transpiration a. Miscellaneous see more details and reduces wateruse efficiency. Droughtstress drought is a major environmental stress factor that affects the growth and development of plants. Also, a plant that was wellwatered prior to drought will usually survive drought better than a continuously drought stressed plant.
Effects of abiotic stress on plants the university of. Thus, an understanding of drought stress and water. Drought stress has adverse influence on water relations in arachis hypogeae lawson et al. Is a period or conduction of unusually dry weather with a geographic area where there is a lack of precipitation. Bolero appeared to be more tolerant to salt stress, but sprinter cv. Drought stress classification using 3d plant models. Water availability is considered as a determinant factor that affects plant growth. Three major hypotheses are considered in the present work for analyzing drought stress effects on nitrogenase. The effects of drought and salt stresses on photosynthesis are either direct as the diffusion limitations through the stomata and the mesophyll and the alterations in photosynthetic metabolism or secondary, such as the oxidative stress arising from the superimposition of multiple stresses chaves et al. Droughtinduced loss in crop yield probably exceeds losses from all other causes, since both the severity and duration of the stress are critical. Molecular mechanisms of the plant heat stress response. Pdf scarcity of water is a severe environmental constraint to plant productivity. Effects of drought stress and water recovery on physiological.
Part of theagricultural science commons,agriculture commons,agronomy and crop sciences commons, and theentomology commons. Our study about effects, mechanisms and management strategies. May 03, 2017 drought stress and tolerance mechanisms in crops. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding on complex mechanisms of drought stress tolerance and to develop modern varieties that are more resilient to drought stress. Similar results were obtained in other separate 51,52. It is thus evident that effects of water stress on chlorophyll is species specific. Overall, drought treatment decreased plant weight by 45%.
Drought is one of the most serious worldwide problems for agriculture. Fraction of world arable land subject to drought abiotic stress 26%. In some other studies on maize, drought stress greatly reduced the grain yield, which. Growth, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional. Thus, the molecular mechanism of the heat stress response and breeding of heattolerant plants is necessary to protect food production and ensure crop safety. The effects of drought are expected to increase with climate change and growing water scarcity. The effect of treatment and entries on seedlings height and ser was detected by using the. This article also describes the mechanism of drought resistance in plants on a morphological, physiological and molecular basis. In addition, drought conditions influence the growth of weeds, agronomic management and nature and intensity of insects, pests and diseases. Climate change climate change has already triggered species distribution shifts in many parts of the world.
Further rna sequencing analysis revealed that 6107 degs were responsive to drought stress and water recovery, with more downregulated than upregulated genes. Molecular and physiological analysis of drought stress in. Drought induced loss in crop yield probably exceeds losses from all other causes, since both the severity and duration of the stress are critical. As shown in figure 1, drought stress resulted in the suppression of respiration and photosynthesis. Morphological and physiological plant responses to drought. Drought stress is one of the major factors affecting nitrogen fixation by legumerhizobium symbiosis. Molecular and morphophysiological analysis of drought.
Drought stress effects on medicinal and aromatic plants and. B asra 4 1 department of agronomy, university of agriculture, faisalabad. It has been established that drought stress is a very important limiting factor at the initial phase of plant growth and establishment. In view of this, developing staple food cultivars with improved drought tolerance emerges as the. Molecular and morphophysiological analysis of drought stress. Introduction drought is a period or condition of unusually dry weather within a geographic area where there is a lack of precipitation. Agronomy journal abstract effect of gypsum and drought. Developed root system and higher ratio of root to shoot. Increasing impacts are expected for the future, yet few studies have aimed for a general understanding of the regional basis for species vulnerability. The ability of a plant to complete the lifecycle before serious soil and plant water deficits develop drought tolerance with high tissue water potential. Simulation of drought stress by polyethylene glycol peg induces drought stress on the plants and significant deviation from control continues to increase with the increasing solute potential. Plants subjected to severe water deficit produced effect of drought stress on growth attributes of maps. Stress management drought tamil nadu agricultural university. Effects of drought stress on legume symbiotic nitrogen.
Drought stress leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species ros, generated mostly in chloroplast. Drought stress conditions negatively affects the growth parameters in melons such as 05 visual scale assessment, leaf relative water content, membrane damage index and shoot and root in k and ca ions, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and leaf area. A total of 19 and 21 hsf members have been cloned in rice oryza sativa l. Hsf is the central control protein during the heat stress response. Materials and methods germination and early seedling growth 10. The main consequences of drought in crop plants are reduced rate of cell division and expansion, leaf size, stem elongation and root proliferation, and disturbed stomatal oscillations, plant water and nutrient relations with diminished crop. Drought stress is a primary factor for limiting crop productivity 17.
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